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| seats2_title = European Parliament | seats2 = | seats3_title = County Assemblies | seats3 = | colours = Orange | website = | country = Hungary }} The Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance ((:ˈfidɛs); in full, (ハンガリー語:Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség)) is a major national conservative political party in Hungary. On a joint list with the Christian Democratic People's Party,〔Fidesz had common regional and nationwide lists and had common candidates with KDNP in the 2010 and 2014 elections.〕 Fidesz won two historic supermajorities in the National Assembly in both the 2010 and 2014 elections (two by-elections, both in Veszprém county, have since eliminated the supermajority).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary’s Ruling Party Loses Two-Thirds Majority after By-Election )〕 Fidesz is, by far, the most popular party in Hungary, with majorities in all county legislatures (19 of 19), almost all (20 of 23) urban counties and in the Budapest city council too, based on the 2014 local elections. It has been described as a big tent party. Fidesz is a member of the European People's Party (EPP). ==History== The party was founded in 1988, named simply Fidesz (''Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége'', meaning the Alliance of Young Democrats), originally as a youthful libertarian, anti-communist party. Fidesz was founded by young democrats, mainly students, who were persecuted by the communist party and had to meet in small, clandestine groups. The movement became a major force in many areas of modern Hungarian history. The membership had an upper age limit of 35 years (this requirement was abolished at the 1993 congress). In 1989, Fidesz won the Rafto Prize. The Hungarian youth opposition movement was represented by one of its leaders, Dr Péter Molnár, who became a Member of Parliament in Hungary. In 1992, Fidesz joined the Liberal International.〔 Fidesz received 8.95% (1990), 7.02% (1994) and 29.48% (1998). After its disappointing result in the 1994 elections, Fidesz changed its political position from liberal to conservative.〔〔() 〕 In 1995, it added "Hungarian Civic Party" (''Magyar Polgári Párt'') to its shortened name. The conservative turn caused a severe split in the membership. Péter Molnár left the party, as well as Gábor Fodor and Klára Ungár, who joined the liberal Alliance of Free Democrats. Fidesz gained power in 1998 under leader and Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who governed Hungary in coalition with the smaller Hungarian Democratic Forum and the Independent Smallholders' Party. In 2000, Fidesz joined the European People's Party and had its membership in the Liberal International terminated.〔 Fidesz narrowly lost the 2002 elections to the Hungarian Socialist Party, by 41.07% to the Socialists' 42.05%. Fidesz had 169 members of the Hungarian National Assembly, out of a total of 386. Following the defeat, the municipal elections in October saw huge Fidesz losses. In the spring of 2003, Fidesz took its current name, "Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union".〔 It was the most successful party in the 2004 European Parliamentary Elections: it won 47.4% of the vote and 12 of its candidates were elected as Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), including Lívia Járóka, the second Romani MEP. Some considered the election of Dr. László Sólyom as the new President of Hungary as the most recent success of the party. He was endorsed by Védegylet, an NGO including people from the whole political spectrum. His activity does not entirely overlap with the conservative ideals and he championed for elements of both political wings with a selective, but conscious choice of values.〔 (Sólyom politikaformáló erő akar lenni ), Kern Tamás, Index.hu, August 22, 2005〕 In 2005, Fidesz and the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) formed an alliance for the 2006 elections. Despite winning 42.0% of the list votes and 164 representatives out of 386 in National Assembly, they were beaten by the social-democratic and liberal coalition of Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and the Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ). On October 1, 2006, Fidesz won the municipal elections, which counterbalanced the MSZP-led government's power to some extent. Fidesz won 15 of 23 mayoralties in Hungary's largest cities—although its candidate narrowly lost the city of Budapest to a member of the Liberal Party—and majorities in 18 out of 20 regional assemblies. In the 2009 European Parliament election, Fidesz won a landslide victory, gaining 56.36% of the vote and 14 of Hungary's 22 seats. This predicted a landslide in the 2010 parliamentary elections, where they won the outright majority in the first round on April 11, with the Fidesz-KDNP alliance winning 206 seats, including 119 individual seats. In the final result, they won 263 seats, of which 173 are individual seats. Fidesz held 227 of these seats, giving it an outright majority in the National Assembly by itself. After winning 53% of the popular vote, which translated into a supermajority of 68% of parliamentary seats, giving Fidesz sufficient power to revise or replace the constitution, the party embarked on an extraordinary project of passing over 200 laws and drafting and adopting a new constitution—since followed by nearly 2000 amendments. The new constitution has been widely criticized〔() 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Documents by opinions and studies )〕 by the Venice Commission for Democracy through Law, the Council of Europe, the European Parliament and the United States for gathering too much power in the hands of the ruling party, Fidesz, for limiting oversight of the new constitution by the Constitutional Court of Hungary, and for removing democratic checks and balances in various areas, including the ordinary judiciary,〔()〕 supervision of elections and the media. In October 2013 Thorbjørn Jagland, Secretary General of the Council of Europe declared that the criticised laws are acceptable for the Council of Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ferenc Kumin — Council of Europe’s Jagland: ‘Hungarians Have Gone... )〕 Fidesz won the nationwide parliamentary election in April 2014 and secured a second supermajority with 133 seats (of 199) in the legislature. This supermajority was lost, however, when Tibor Navracsics was chosen to the European Commission. His Veszprém county seat was taken by an independent candidate in a by-election.〔 Another by-election on 12 April 2015 saw the supermajority lose a second seat, also in Veszprém, to a Jobbik candidate.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fidesz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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